Causes and Ways to Overcome Megaloblastic Anemia

Megaloblastic anemia is a lack of red blood cells in the body due to bone marrow producing immature red blood cells with abnormal structure and too large in size. This condition is a rare type of anemia. When red blood cells have an abnormal structure, the distribution of oxygen throughout the body will be disrupted. Symptoms of anemia can be recognized from complaints of feeling tired, pale, dizzy, muscle aches, and shortness of breath.

Common Causes of Megaloblastic Anemia

There are two common conditions that cause megaloblastic anemia, namely vitamin B12 deficiency (cobalamin) and vitamin B9 (folic acid). Both of these vitamins are important components for producing healthy red blood cells.

Cobalamin deficiency or deficiency

Kobalamin or vitamin B12 is a nutrient found in meat, fish, eggs and milk. Poor diet can be a cause of this vitamin deficiency, so it is more at risk of megaloblastic anemia. Some drugs can also reduce the amount of cobalamin in the body. One of them is proton pump inhibitors which are used to limit the production of stomach acid.

Lack of folic acid intake

Folic acid (vitamin B9) is contained in several foods, including beef liver, citrus fruits (oranges and lemons), and green vegetables, such as spinach and broccoli. A diet low in folate can put you at greater risk of developing megaloblastic anemia. In addition, folic acid deficiency may also occur when the body needs more folic acid. These conditions include pregnancy, breastfeeding, suffering from cancer or sickle cell anemia, undergoing dialysis, until the baby is born prematurely. Cobalamin and folic acid deficiency can also occur when the absorption of vitamins is disrupted. For example due to autoimmune conditions and celiac disease, a history of bowel operations, or the presence of intestinal diseases, such as Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal infections. Without proper treatment, these conditions can develop into megaloblastic anemia.

How to Overcome Megaloblastic Anemia

To diagnose megaloblastic anemia and confirm the cause, the doctor will do a complete blood test. After that, the doctor will provide the treatment needed, according to the cause. In general, doctors will provide treatment to overcome vitamin B12 deficiency or folic acid. Treatment can be in the form of multivitamin supplements, either through oral medication or injections. In addition, patients are also encouraged to increase their intake of vitamin B12 and folic acid. To monitor the success of treatment, blood tests will be carried out again 10-14 days since treatment began. If treatment is successful, people with megaloblastic anemia do not need further monitoring, unless symptoms reappear. Megaloblastic anemia should not be underestimated and treated immediately. If you experience symptoms of megaloblastic anemia as mentioned above, immediately consult a doctor to get the right treatment.